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02_basics.html
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@ -965,10 +965,10 @@
<ol> <ol>
<li><a href="#nutzung-der-konsole">Nutzung der Konsole</a></li> <li><a href="#nutzung-der-konsole">Nutzung der Konsole</a></li>
<li><a href="#primitive-datentypen">Primitive Datentypen</a></li> <li><a href="#primitive-datentypen">Primitive Datentypen</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Nicht Primitive Datentypen</a></li> <li><a href="#nicht-primitive-datentypen">Nicht Primitive Datentypen</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Operatoren</a></li> <li><a href="#operatoren">Operatoren</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Bedingungen</a></li> <li><a href="#bedingungen">Bedingungen</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Schleifen</a></li> <li><a href="#schleifen">Schleifen</a></li>
<li><a href="#exceptions">Exceptions</a></li> <li><a href="#exceptions">Exceptions</a></li>
</ol> </ol>
<h2 id="nutzung-der-konsole">Nutzung der Konsole</h2> <h2 id="nutzung-der-konsole">Nutzung der Konsole</h2>
@ -1083,17 +1083,53 @@ vergleichbar mit einem char-Array.</p>
<span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concatString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;World&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concatString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;World&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;concatString: &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concatString</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;concatString: &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concatString</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<p>Methoden der Standardbibliothek: <p>Methoden der Standardbibliothek:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">charAt</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the char value at the specified index.</span><span class="w"></span> <table>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indexOf</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.</span><span class="w"></span> <thead>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">substring</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns a string that is a substring of this string.</span><span class="w"></span> <tr>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">equals</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Compares this string to the specified object.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Methode</th>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toLowerCase</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Beschreibung</th>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toUpperCase</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case.</span><span class="w"></span> </tr>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">contains</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.</span><span class="w"></span> </thead>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">replaceAll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.</span><span class="w"></span> <tbody>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">compareTo</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings.</span><span class="w"></span> <tr>
</code></pre></div></p> <td>myString.charAt()</td>
<td>Returns the char value at the specified index.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.indexOf()</td>
<td>Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.substring()</td>
<td>Returns a string that is a substring of this string.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.equals()</td>
<td>Compares this string to the specified object.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.toLowerCase()</td>
<td>Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.toUpperCase()</td>
<td>Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.contains()</td>
<td>Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.replaceAll()</td>
<td>Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.compareTo()</td>
<td>Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="numeric-datatypes">Numeric Datatypes</h3> <h3 id="numeric-datatypes">Numeric Datatypes</h3>
<p>Im Gegensatz zu den primitiven Datentypen werden hier "Wrapper" verwendet, um <p>Im Gegensatz zu den primitiven Datentypen werden hier "Wrapper" verwendet, um
dynamisch mit den Werten arbeiten zu können. Das erlaubt auch die Erweiterung dynamisch mit den Werten arbeiten zu können. Das erlaubt auch die Erweiterung
@ -1111,14 +1147,41 @@ um verschiedene Methoden in der Standardbibliothek.</p>
<span class="n">Float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myFloat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mf">10.0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="n">Float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myFloat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mf">10.0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">myFloat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isNaN</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns true if this Float value is a Not-a-Number (NaN), false otherwise</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="n">myFloat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isNaN</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns true if this Float value is a Not-a-Number (NaN), false otherwise</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div></p> </code></pre></div></p>
<p>Funktionen für alle Numerischen Datentypen (Nicht Primitiv): <p>Funktionen für alle Numerischen Datentypen (Nicht Primitiv):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">compareTo</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Compares two Integer objects numerically.</span><span class="w"></span> <table>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns a String object representing this Integer&#39;s value.</span><span class="w"></span> <thead>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">intValue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the value of this Integer as an int.</span><span class="w"></span> <tr>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">floatValue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the value of this Integer as a float after a widening primitive conversion.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Methode</th>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">doubleValue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the value of this Integer as a double after a widening primitive conversion.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Beschreibung</th>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">shortValue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the value of this Integer as a short after a narrowing primitive conversion.</span><span class="w"></span> </tr>
</code></pre></div></p> </thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.compareTo()</td>
<td>Compares two Integer objects numerically.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.toString()</td>
<td>Returns a String object representing this Integer's value.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.intValue()</td>
<td>Returns the value of this Integer as an int.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.floatValue()</td>
<td>Returns the value of this Integer as a float after a widening primitive conversion.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.doubleValue()</td>
<td>Returns the value of this Integer as a double after a widening primitive conversion.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.shortValue()</td>
<td>Returns the value of this Integer as a short after a narrowing primitive conversion.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="arrays">Arrays</h3> <h3 id="arrays">Arrays</h3>
<p>Bei Arrays handelt es sich um Schleifen eines bestimmten Datentypen. Sie werden <p>Bei Arrays handelt es sich um Schleifen eines bestimmten Datentypen. Sie werden
verwendet, um mehrere Werte in einer Variable zu speichern.</p> verwendet, um mehrere Werte in einer Variable zu speichern.</p>
@ -1154,14 +1217,41 @@ verwendet, um mehrere Werte in einer Variable zu speichern.</p>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;]&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;]&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div></p> </code></pre></div></p>
<p>Methoden: <p>Methoden:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// a string representation of the object.</span><span class="w"></span> <table>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">copyOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length.</span><span class="w"></span> <thead>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">compare</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Compares two int arrays lexicographically.</span><span class="w"></span> <tr>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">equals</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns true if the two specified arrays of ints are equal to one another.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Methode</th>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Beschreibung</th>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified array of ints.</span><span class="w"></span> </tr>
</code></pre></div></p> </thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.toString(Array a)</td>
<td>a string representation of the object.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.copyOf(Array a, int index)</td>
<td>Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.compare(Array a, Array b)</td>
<td>Compares two int arrays lexicographically.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.equals(Array a, Array b)</td>
<td>Returns true if the two specified arrays of ints are equal to one another.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.sort(Array a)</td>
<td>Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.fill(Array a, int number)</td>
<td>Assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified array of ints.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="operatoren">Operatoren</h2> <h2 id="operatoren">Operatoren</h2>
<h3 id="arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic Operators</h3> <h3 id="arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic Operators</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calcAddition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// = 30</span><span class="w"></span> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calcAddition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// = 30</span><span class="w"></span>
@ -1347,7 +1437,7 @@ verwendet, um mehrere Werte in einer Variable zu speichern.</p>
<small> <small>
Letztes Update: Letztes Update:
<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">November 2, 2022 20:46:05</span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">November 4, 2022 16:13:00</span>
<br> <br>
Erstellt: Erstellt:

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@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
## Table of Contents ## Table of Contents
1. [Nutzung der Konsole](#nutzung-der-konsole) 1. [Nutzung der Konsole](#nutzung-der-konsole)
2. [Primitive Datentypen](#primitive-datentypen) 2. [Primitive Datentypen](#primitive-datentypen)
3. [Nicht Primitive Datentypen](#) 3. [Nicht Primitive Datentypen](#nicht-primitive-datentypen)
4. [Operatoren](#) 4. [Operatoren](#operatoren)
5. [Bedingungen](#) 5. [Bedingungen](#bedingungen)
6. [Schleifen](#) 6. [Schleifen](#schleifen)
7. [Exceptions](#exceptions) 7. [Exceptions](#exceptions)
## Nutzung der Konsole ## Nutzung der Konsole
@ -108,17 +108,18 @@ System.out.println("concatString: " + concatString);
``` ```
Methoden der Standardbibliothek: Methoden der Standardbibliothek:
```java
myString.charAt(); // Returns the char value at the specified index. | Methode | Beschreibung |
myString.indexOf(); // Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring. |------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
myString.substring(); // Returns a string that is a substring of this string. | myString.charAt() | Returns the char value at the specified index. |
myString.equals(); // Compares this string to the specified object. | myString.indexOf() | Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring. |
myString.toLowerCase(); // Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case. | myString.substring() | Returns a string that is a substring of this string. |
myString.toUpperCase(); // Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case. | myString.equals() | Compares this string to the specified object. |
myString.contains(); // Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values. | myString.toLowerCase() | Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case. |
myString.replaceAll(); // Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement. | myString.toUpperCase() | Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case. |
myString.compareTo(); // Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings. | myString.contains() | Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values. |
``` | myString.replaceAll() | Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement. |
| myString.compareTo() | Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings. |
### Numeric Datatypes ### Numeric Datatypes
@ -144,14 +145,16 @@ myFloat.isNaN(); // Returns true if this Float value is a Not-a-Number (NaN), fa
``` ```
Funktionen für alle Numerischen Datentypen (Nicht Primitiv): Funktionen für alle Numerischen Datentypen (Nicht Primitiv):
```java
myNumber.compareTo(); // Compares two Integer objects numerically. | Methode | Beschreibung |
myNumber.toString(); // Returns a String object representing this Integer's value. |------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
myNumber.intValue(); // Returns the value of this Integer as an int. | myNumber.compareTo() | Compares two Integer objects numerically. |
myNumber.floatValue(); // Returns the value of this Integer as a float after a widening primitive conversion. | myNumber.toString() | Returns a String object representing this Integer's value. |
myNumber.doubleValue(); // Returns the value of this Integer as a double after a widening primitive conversion. | myNumber.intValue() | Returns the value of this Integer as an int. |
myNumber.shortValue(); // Returns the value of this Integer as a short after a narrowing primitive conversion. | myNumber.floatValue() | Returns the value of this Integer as a float after a widening primitive conversion. |
``` | myNumber.doubleValue() | Returns the value of this Integer as a double after a widening primitive conversion. |
| myNumber.shortValue() | Returns the value of this Integer as a short after a narrowing primitive conversion. |
### Arrays ### Arrays
Bei Arrays handelt es sich um Schleifen eines bestimmten Datentypen. Sie werden Bei Arrays handelt es sich um Schleifen eines bestimmten Datentypen. Sie werden
@ -194,14 +197,15 @@ for(int row = 0; row < my2DArray.length; row++) {
``` ```
Methoden: Methoden:
```java
Arrays.toString(myArray); // a string representation of the object. | Methode | Beschreibung |
Arrays.copyOf(myArray, 3); // Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. |-----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Arrays.compare(myArray, myArray); // Compares two int arrays lexicographically. | Arrays.toString(Array a) | a string representation of the object. |
Arrays.equals(myArray, myArray); // Returns true if the two specified arrays of ints are equal to one another. | Arrays.copyOf(Array a, int index) | Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. |
Arrays.sort(myArray); // Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order | Arrays.compare(Array a, Array b) | Compares two int arrays lexicographically. |
Arrays.fill(myArray, 0); // Assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified array of ints. | Arrays.equals(Array a, Array b) | Returns true if the two specified arrays of ints are equal to one another. |
``` | Arrays.sort(Array a) | Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order |
| Arrays.fill(Array a, int number) | Assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified array of ints. |
## Operatoren ## Operatoren

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@ -364,6 +364,33 @@
</ul> </ul>
</nav> </nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#modifier" class="md-nav__link">
Modifier
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Modifier">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#access-modifier" class="md-nav__link">
Access-Modifier
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#non-access-modifier" class="md-nav__link">
Non-Access-Modifier
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li> </li>
<li class="md-nav__item"> <li class="md-nav__item">
@ -498,6 +525,33 @@
</ul> </ul>
</nav> </nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#modifier" class="md-nav__link">
Modifier
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Modifier">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#access-modifier" class="md-nav__link">
Access-Modifier
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#non-access-modifier" class="md-nav__link">
Non-Access-Modifier
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li> </li>
<li class="md-nav__item"> <li class="md-nav__item">
@ -566,6 +620,54 @@ The term simply means the creation of a new object, i.e. an instance, from a cla
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Thomas&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Thomas&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div></p> </code></pre></div></p>
</blockquote> </blockquote>
<h2 id="modifier">Modifier</h2>
<p>Quelle: <a href="https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_modifiers.asp">w3schools.com</a></p>
<h3 id="access-modifier">Access-Modifier</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Modifier</th>
<th>Beschreibung</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>public</td>
<td>The code is accessible for all classes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>private</td>
<td>The code is only accessible within the declared class</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>protected</td>
<td>The code is accessible in the same package and subclasses.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>default</td>
<td>The code is only accessible in the same package. This is used when you don't specify a modifier.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="non-access-modifier">Non-Access-Modifier</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Modifier</th>
<th>Beschreibung</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>final</td>
<td>The class cannot be inherited by other classes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>abstract</td>
<td>The class cannot be used to create objects (To access an abstract class, it must be inherited from another class.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="1-einfache-objekte-und-veerbung">#1 Einfache Objekte und Veerbung</h2> <h2 id="1-einfache-objekte-und-veerbung">#1 Einfache Objekte und Veerbung</h2>
<p><strong>Lernziele:</strong> <p><strong>Lernziele:</strong>
* eine Klasse erzeugen * eine Klasse erzeugen
@ -819,7 +921,7 @@ The term simply means the creation of a new object, i.e. an instance, from a cla
<small> <small>
Letztes Update: Letztes Update:
<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">November 2, 2022 20:46:05</span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">November 4, 2022 16:13:00</span>
<br> <br>
Erstellt: Erstellt:

20
04_introduction_to_objects.md
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@ -27,6 +27,26 @@ int nbr = 5;
String name = new String("Thomas"); String name = new String("Thomas");
``` ```
## Modifier
Quelle: [w3schools.com](https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_modifiers.asp)
### Access-Modifier
| Modifier | Beschreibung |
|-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| public | The code is accessible for all classes |
| private | The code is only accessible within the declared class |
| protected | The code is accessible in the same package and subclasses. |
| default | The code is only accessible in the same package. This is used when you don't specify a modifier. |
### Non-Access-Modifier
| Modifier | Beschreibung |
|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| final | The class cannot be inherited by other classes |
| abstract | The class cannot be used to create objects (To access an abstract class, it must be inherited from another class. |
## #1 Einfache Objekte und Veerbung ## #1 Einfache Objekte und Veerbung
**Lernziele:** **Lernziele:**

84
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@ -638,52 +638,14 @@
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<h3 id="abstract-and-interface">Abstract and Interface</h3>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// Regex.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">Regex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// Main.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">showLanguage</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;This text is presented to you by Java&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="c1">// Main.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">extends</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">implements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Regex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Language myLanguage = new Language();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// &#39;Language&#39; is abstract; cannot be instantiated</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Main</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wortwitz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;du&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;schlampe&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wortwitz</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// duschlampe</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;I refuse to say that!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// SaveState.java</span><span class="w"></span> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// SaveState.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.security.InvalidParameterException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.security.InvalidParameterException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">SaveState</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">implements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Comparable</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">SaveState</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">SaveState</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">implements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Comparable</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">SaveState</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveEntry</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveEntry</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staticSaveID</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staticSaveID</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// constructor</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// constructor</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SaveState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveEntry</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InvalidParameterException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SaveState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveEntry</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InvalidParameterException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
@ -727,6 +689,44 @@
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="abstract-and-interface">Abstract and Interface</h3>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// Regex.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">Regex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// Main.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">showLanguage</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;This text is presented to you by Java&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="c1">// Main.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">extends</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">implements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Regex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Language myLanguage = new Language();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// &#39;Language&#39; is abstract; cannot be instantiated</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Main</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wortwitz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;du&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;schlampe&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wortwitz</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// duschlampe</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;I refuse to say that!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div></p> </code></pre></div></p>
<h2 id="collections">Collections</h2> <h2 id="collections">Collections</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.util.*</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.util.*</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
@ -969,7 +969,7 @@
<small> <small>
Letztes Update: Letztes Update:
<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">November 2, 2022 20:46:05</span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">November 4, 2022 16:13:00</span>
<br> <br>
Erstellt: Erstellt:

81
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@ -65,46 +65,6 @@ public class Main /*extends Language implements Regex*/ {
} }
``` ```
### Abstract and Interface
```java
// Regex.java
public interface Regex {
public String concatStrings(String left, String right);
}
```
```java
// Main.java
abstract class Language {
public void showLanguage() {
System.out.println("This text is presented to you by Java");
}
public abstract void sayHelloWorld();
}
// Main.java
public class Main extends Language implements Regex {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Language myLanguage = new Language();
// 'Language' is abstract; cannot be instantiated
Main myObject = new Main();
myObject.sayHelloWorld();
String wortwitz = myObject.concatStrings("du", "schlampe");
System.out.println(wortwitz); // duschlampe
}
@Override
public void sayHelloWorld() {
System.out.println("I refuse to say that!");
}
@Override
public String concatStrings(String left, String right) {
return left + right;
}
}
```
```java ```java
// SaveState.java // SaveState.java
@ -159,6 +119,47 @@ public class SaveState<T> implements Comparable<SaveState> {
} }
``` ```
### Abstract and Interface
```java
// Regex.java
public interface Regex {
public String concatStrings(String left, String right);
}
```
```java
// Main.java
abstract class Language {
public void showLanguage() {
System.out.println("This text is presented to you by Java");
}
public abstract void sayHelloWorld();
}
// Main.java
public class Main extends Language implements Regex {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Language myLanguage = new Language();
// 'Language' is abstract; cannot be instantiated
Main myObject = new Main();
myObject.sayHelloWorld();
String wortwitz = myObject.concatStrings("du", "schlampe");
System.out.println(wortwitz); // duschlampe
}
@Override
public void sayHelloWorld() {
System.out.println("I refuse to say that!");
}
@Override
public String concatStrings(String left, String right) {
return left + right;
}
}
```
## Collections ## Collections
```java ```java

282
print_page.html
View File

@ -588,10 +588,10 @@ Hello, World!
<ol> <ol>
<li><a href="#02_basics-nutzung-der-konsole">Nutzung der Konsole</a></li> <li><a href="#02_basics-nutzung-der-konsole">Nutzung der Konsole</a></li>
<li><a href="#02_basics-primitive-datentypen">Primitive Datentypen</a></li> <li><a href="#02_basics-primitive-datentypen">Primitive Datentypen</a></li>
<li><a href="#02_basics-">Nicht Primitive Datentypen</a></li> <li><a href="#02_basics-nicht-primitive-datentypen">Nicht Primitive Datentypen</a></li>
<li><a href="#02_basics-">Operatoren</a></li> <li><a href="#02_basics-operatoren">Operatoren</a></li>
<li><a href="#02_basics-">Bedingungen</a></li> <li><a href="#02_basics-bedingungen">Bedingungen</a></li>
<li><a href="#02_basics-">Schleifen</a></li> <li><a href="#02_basics-schleifen">Schleifen</a></li>
<li><a href="#02_basics-exceptions">Exceptions</a></li> <li><a href="#02_basics-exceptions">Exceptions</a></li>
</ol> </ol>
<h2 id="02_basics-nutzung-der-konsole">Nutzung der Konsole</h2> <h2 id="02_basics-nutzung-der-konsole">Nutzung der Konsole</h2>
@ -706,17 +706,53 @@ vergleichbar mit einem char-Array.</p>
<span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concatString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;World&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concatString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;World&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;concatString: &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concatString</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;concatString: &quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">concatString</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<p>Methoden der Standardbibliothek: <p>Methoden der Standardbibliothek:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">charAt</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the char value at the specified index.</span><span class="w"></span> <table>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indexOf</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.</span><span class="w"></span> <thead>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">substring</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns a string that is a substring of this string.</span><span class="w"></span> <tr>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">equals</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Compares this string to the specified object.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Methode</th>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toLowerCase</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Beschreibung</th>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toUpperCase</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case.</span><span class="w"></span> </tr>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">contains</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.</span><span class="w"></span> </thead>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">replaceAll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.</span><span class="w"></span> <tbody>
<span class="n">myString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">compareTo</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings.</span><span class="w"></span> <tr>
</code></pre></div></p> <td>myString.charAt()</td>
<td>Returns the char value at the specified index.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.indexOf()</td>
<td>Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.substring()</td>
<td>Returns a string that is a substring of this string.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.equals()</td>
<td>Compares this string to the specified object.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.toLowerCase()</td>
<td>Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.toUpperCase()</td>
<td>Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.contains()</td>
<td>Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.replaceAll()</td>
<td>Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myString.compareTo()</td>
<td>Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="02_basics-numeric-datatypes">Numeric Datatypes</h3> <h3 id="02_basics-numeric-datatypes">Numeric Datatypes</h3>
<p>Im Gegensatz zu den primitiven Datentypen werden hier "Wrapper" verwendet, um <p>Im Gegensatz zu den primitiven Datentypen werden hier "Wrapper" verwendet, um
dynamisch mit den Werten arbeiten zu können. Das erlaubt auch die Erweiterung dynamisch mit den Werten arbeiten zu können. Das erlaubt auch die Erweiterung
@ -734,14 +770,41 @@ um verschiedene Methoden in der Standardbibliothek.</p>
<span class="n">Float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myFloat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mf">10.0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="n">Float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myFloat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mf">10.0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="n">myFloat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isNaN</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns true if this Float value is a Not-a-Number (NaN), false otherwise</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="n">myFloat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isNaN</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns true if this Float value is a Not-a-Number (NaN), false otherwise</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div></p> </code></pre></div></p>
<p>Funktionen für alle Numerischen Datentypen (Nicht Primitiv): <p>Funktionen für alle Numerischen Datentypen (Nicht Primitiv):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">compareTo</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Compares two Integer objects numerically.</span><span class="w"></span> <table>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns a String object representing this Integer&#39;s value.</span><span class="w"></span> <thead>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">intValue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the value of this Integer as an int.</span><span class="w"></span> <tr>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">floatValue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the value of this Integer as a float after a widening primitive conversion.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Methode</th>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">doubleValue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the value of this Integer as a double after a widening primitive conversion.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Beschreibung</th>
<span class="n">myNumber</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">shortValue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns the value of this Integer as a short after a narrowing primitive conversion.</span><span class="w"></span> </tr>
</code></pre></div></p> </thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.compareTo()</td>
<td>Compares two Integer objects numerically.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.toString()</td>
<td>Returns a String object representing this Integer's value.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.intValue()</td>
<td>Returns the value of this Integer as an int.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.floatValue()</td>
<td>Returns the value of this Integer as a float after a widening primitive conversion.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.doubleValue()</td>
<td>Returns the value of this Integer as a double after a widening primitive conversion.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>myNumber.shortValue()</td>
<td>Returns the value of this Integer as a short after a narrowing primitive conversion.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="02_basics-arrays">Arrays</h3> <h3 id="02_basics-arrays">Arrays</h3>
<p>Bei Arrays handelt es sich um Schleifen eines bestimmten Datentypen. Sie werden <p>Bei Arrays handelt es sich um Schleifen eines bestimmten Datentypen. Sie werden
verwendet, um mehrere Werte in einer Variable zu speichern.</p> verwendet, um mehrere Werte in einer Variable zu speichern.</p>
@ -777,14 +840,41 @@ verwendet, um mehrere Werte in einer Variable zu speichern.</p>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;]&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;]&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div></p> </code></pre></div></p>
<p>Methoden: <p>Methoden:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// a string representation of the object.</span><span class="w"></span> <table>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">copyOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length.</span><span class="w"></span> <thead>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">compare</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Compares two int arrays lexicographically.</span><span class="w"></span> <tr>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">equals</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Returns true if the two specified arrays of ints are equal to one another.</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Methode</th>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order</span><span class="w"></span> <th>Beschreibung</th>
<span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified array of ints.</span><span class="w"></span> </tr>
</code></pre></div></p> </thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.toString(Array a)</td>
<td>a string representation of the object.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.copyOf(Array a, int index)</td>
<td>Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.compare(Array a, Array b)</td>
<td>Compares two int arrays lexicographically.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.equals(Array a, Array b)</td>
<td>Returns true if the two specified arrays of ints are equal to one another.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.sort(Array a)</td>
<td>Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arrays.fill(Array a, int number)</td>
<td>Assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified array of ints.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="02_basics-operatoren">Operatoren</h2> <h2 id="02_basics-operatoren">Operatoren</h2>
<h3 id="02_basics-arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic Operators</h3> <h3 id="02_basics-arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic Operators</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calcAddition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// = 30</span><span class="w"></span> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">calcAddition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// = 30</span><span class="w"></span>
@ -1069,6 +1159,54 @@ The term simply means the creation of a new object, i.e. an instance, from a cla
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Thomas&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Thomas&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div></p> </code></pre></div></p>
</blockquote> </blockquote>
<h2 id="04_introduction_to_objects-modifier">Modifier</h2>
<p>Quelle: <a href="https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_modifiers.asp">w3schools.com</a></p>
<h3 id="04_introduction_to_objects-access-modifier">Access-Modifier</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Modifier</th>
<th>Beschreibung</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>public</td>
<td>The code is accessible for all classes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>private</td>
<td>The code is only accessible within the declared class</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>protected</td>
<td>The code is accessible in the same package and subclasses.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>default</td>
<td>The code is only accessible in the same package. This is used when you don't specify a modifier.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="04_introduction_to_objects-non-access-modifier">Non-Access-Modifier</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Modifier</th>
<th>Beschreibung</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>final</td>
<td>The class cannot be inherited by other classes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>abstract</td>
<td>The class cannot be used to create objects (To access an abstract class, it must be inherited from another class.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="04_introduction_to_objects-1-einfache-objekte-und-veerbung">#1 Einfache Objekte und Veerbung</h2> <h2 id="04_introduction_to_objects-1-einfache-objekte-und-veerbung">#1 Einfache Objekte und Veerbung</h2>
<p><strong>Lernziele:</strong> <p><strong>Lernziele:</strong>
* eine Klasse erzeugen * eine Klasse erzeugen
@ -1373,52 +1511,14 @@ The term simply means the creation of a new object, i.e. an instance, from a cla
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<h3 id="05_types_of_objects-abstract-and-interface">Abstract and Interface</h3>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// Regex.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">Regex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// Main.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">showLanguage</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;This text is presented to you by Java&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="c1">// Main.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">extends</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">implements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Regex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Language myLanguage = new Language();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// &#39;Language&#39; is abstract; cannot be instantiated</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Main</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wortwitz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;du&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;schlampe&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wortwitz</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// duschlampe</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;I refuse to say that!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// SaveState.java</span><span class="w"></span> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// SaveState.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.security.InvalidParameterException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.security.InvalidParameterException</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">SaveState</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">implements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Comparable</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">SaveState</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">SaveState</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">implements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Comparable</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">SaveState</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveEntry</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveEntry</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staticSaveID</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staticSaveID</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// constructor</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// constructor</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SaveState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveEntry</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InvalidParameterException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SaveState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">saveEntry</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InvalidParameterException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
@ -1462,6 +1562,44 @@ The term simply means the creation of a new object, i.e. an instance, from a cla
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="05_types_of_objects-abstract-and-interface">Abstract and Interface</h3>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// Regex.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">Regex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// Main.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">showLanguage</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;This text is presented to you by Java&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="c1">// Main.java</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">extends</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">implements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Regex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Language myLanguage = new Language();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// &#39;Language&#39; is abstract; cannot be instantiated</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Main</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wortwitz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">myObject</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;du&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;schlampe&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wortwitz</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// duschlampe</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sayHelloWorld</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;I refuse to say that!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">concatStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div></p> </code></pre></div></p>
<h2 id="05_types_of_objects-collections">Collections</h2> <h2 id="05_types_of_objects-collections">Collections</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.util.*</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.util.*</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>

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